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web frameworks2 The discussion group has almost 9,000 active members and has an archive of more than 54,000 moderated threads At any given moment, the IRC chat room usually has between 100 200 visitors Duplication throughout the community is kept to a minimum, so expect to be directed to a thread or blog post that someone has already used to address the same topic when asking a question or requesting support You will also probably sense a feeling of perfectionism in the community What I mean by that is this the Cake Software Foundation, which manages Cake s development, could have easily taken shortcuts when developing the framework Compared to other frameworks, Cake would already be considered a version 30 or 40, but it s currently at 12.

Figure 23-7. The SimpleTest component output To make this code slightly simpler, you can choose to use shared methods in the component class, so that you don t need to create an instance before using the methods. A shared GetInfo() method looks like this: Public Class SimpleTest Public Shared Function GetInfo(param As String) As String Return "You invoked SimpleTest.GetInfo() with '" & _ param & "'" End Function End Class In this case, the web page accesses the shared GetInfo() method through the class name and doesn t need to create an object: Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, _ ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load lblResult.Text = SimpleTest.GetInfo("Hello") End Sub

Tip Remember, if you re using assembly references and your component and web application aren t in the

same solution, you won t see the effect of your changes right away. Instead, you need to recompile your component assembly (choose Build Build Solution) and then relaunch your web application. If you re using project references, this isn t necessary Visual Studio notices every change you make and recompiles your component automatically.

This is due more to really tightening up the framework rather than cooking up something fast that could perform a large plethora of methods The result of this strategy is that Cake really is more robust, mature, and well written than it otherwise would be, and you can count on it maintaining its robustness as it takes on more fancy methods I, by no means, am diminishing the large quantity of built-in methods that rival any other framework s functions; I m merely pointing out that one of Cake s key advantages is its architecture, or, in other words, its methodology which has been very carefully designed and tested Perhaps Cake s most competitive feature is its find methods for data handling In this book, I ve explained how to use the find() model function to easily fetch database records without writing SQL or other data source queries.

Deciding when to use instance methods and when to use shared methods is part of the art of object-oriented design, and it takes experience. Shared methods impose additional considerations namely, your class must be stateless (a concept described in the following section), which means it can t hold on to any additional information in member variables. If it does, it risks a potential conflict if more than one piece of code uses the component at the same time. As a rule of thumb, use instance methods if you need to be able to create several instances of your class at the same time. For example, instance methods make sense for the SqlConnection class, because you might choose to open a connection to several different databases for one operation. Instance methods are also the best choice if you want to configure an object once and use it several times. For example, the SqlConnection class lets you set the connection string and then open and close the connection as much as needed. On the other hand, consider shared methods if your methods perform a single, discrete task that doesn t require any initialization. Examples include the calculations in the Math class, and the business tasks (such as registering a new customer) in a high-level business component.